Ancient Egypt The Greatest Ancient Civilizations

Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest ancient civilizations in human history. Ancient Egypt was the longest lasting civilization in the ancient world and lasted for about 2,500 years. ancient Egypt was able to last so long because of their many great accomplishments. The most important thing that lead to the accomplishments and success of ancient Egypt was The Nile River. Ancient Egypt is often referred to as the â€Å"Gift of the Nile† because of how important the Nile River was to the success and longevity of ancient Egypt. Without the Nile River, ancient Egypt would have never been able to things like farm, use papyrus, build boats, trade or fish. The Nile River was the sole reason as to why ancient Egypt was able to become so successful. There are many different areas that ancient Egypt excelled in to help make them successful. The reason that ancient Egypt was able to become so successful was the various ways the ancient Egyptians used the Nile River. Some of the ways the ancient Egyptians used the Nile River was as a water source for agriculture and as a way of transportation for trade. One of the key areas that the Nile River helped develop in ancient Egypt was agriculture. The Nile River allowed for the Ancient Egyptians the ability to grow their own crops. The predictable annual flooding allowed for ancient Egypt to farm. In the article Sustainable Agriculture in Ancient Egypt, the author J. Donald Hughes states that â€Å"The sustainability of Egyptian agriculture wasShow MoreRelatedAncient Egypt : The Greatest Civilization Of The Past863 Words   |  4 PagesBelieved to have begun around 3100 BCE; the stories of ancient Egypt still live on today. Built along the Nile River; Egypt was once the greatest civilization of the past. Egypt built several groundbreaking architectural structures from the world’s first dams, to the first super structures predating the Ziggurat of Ur. Ancient Egypt survived three millennia before falling to the roman’s control. Egypt is most known for its pyramids, mummies, pharaohs, and its’ polytheistic religion. The EgyptiansRead MoreThe Impact of the Egyptian and the Hebrew Civilizations on Humanity1459 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Throughout history, great civilizations have existed in various parts of the world. The cultural, economic, political, and/or intellectual achievements of these civilizations contributed to the advancement of humankind. Civilization is a term that has various meanings. Most popularly and in this context it can be referred to as an advanced state of human society, in HYPERLINK http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/which which  a high level of HYPERLINK http://dictionary.referenceRead MoreEssay about Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece903 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece† According to history there existed two of many important ancient civilizations that left a significant mark in the history of human development that even today leaves modern society in awe of its greatness. In spite of being distant civilizations, Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece share similarities and difference in terms of how they practiced religion,political structure, everyday life style, and how they built the monumental architectures that continued to amazeRead MoreAncient Egypt : Ancient Egyptian Art1308 Words   |  6 Pages Religious Architechture in ancient Egypt Egyptian art has journeyed through the centuries as one of the most influential phenomenon in human civilization. From the Greeks to the Romans to the people of today, Egyptians and their beautiful representations in art and architecture have proven a legacy in the creations of certain landmarks, statues, and even advertisements. The Greeks derived many of their statues from Egyptian sculptures, such as the Kouros 600 B.C.Read MoreAncient Egypt and Mondern Society981 Words   |  4 Pagesdozens of great civilizations have risen from nothing and fallen back into obscurity. Not all civilizations, however, leave a lasting mark on the world, especially not one so profound that influences the world as it exists today. One such civilization that has had a profound impact on daily modern lives was that of Ancient Egypt. Their systems of religion and technological innovation helped not only to leave a permanent impression on the world, but also served to mold both the civilizations that dir ectlyRead MoreThe Achievements Of Ancient Egypt1291 Words   |  6 PagesTemples, tombs and pyramids have all witnessed this earth for thousands of years. These architectural achievements show us that Egypt s greatest virtue lie in its architecture. One Ancient Egypt’s greatest cultural achievements was undoubtedly in their architecture associated with religion. If you were to travel to Egypt what would you expect to see? Pyramid after temple after tomb, each standing the test of time. They all stand out, they are all associated with religious beliefs, they all haveRead MoreThe Impact of Ancient Egypt1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt is a civilization of wealth and structure that flourished along the Nile River in northeastern Africa from about 3300 B.C to 30 B.C. In over 3,000 years, one of the most sophisticated and creative societies advanced where no other civilization did. 2,000 years later, it would be hard to think about the world without the impact of ancient Egypt, because it seems to have significantly affected every field of our American culture. The Egyptians have heavilyRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Civilization1495 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Egypt treated its women better than any of the other major civilizations of the ancient world† (Thompson). Over 6,000 years ago, the powerful civilization of Ancient Egypt began, lasting for almost 30 centuries. Ancient Egyptians treated their cats like royalty, used spells and animal flesh to heal almost anything (Napoli Balit). Most Importantly, the people of Ancient Egypt valued their polytheistic religion above everyth ing, they worked hard in order to get into the paradise of the afterlifeRead MoreAncient Sudan (Nubia)1715 Words   |  7 Pagesand southern Egypt. Their history and traditions can be traced to the dawn of civilization. They settled first along the banks of the Nile from Aswan. Along the Nile, they developed one of the oldest and greatest civilizations in Africa until they lost their last kingdom five centuries ago. The Nubians remained as the main rivals to the homeland of Africa’s earliest black culture with a history that can be traced from 3800 B.C. onward through the monuments and artifacts. Ancient Nubia was a landRead MoreEgyptian, Islamic and Roman Architecture Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesEgyptian Civilization: I chose Egyptian civilization because it’s known as the birthplace of modern civilization. Another reason I chose Egyptian civilization is because its contributions to the world still seen, studied and absorbers. Egypt contribution has come along way and has mad an impact in on thousands of cultures worldwide. Some of Egypt’s contributions I will address are arts, literature and architecture. The Egyptians had little wood to build their buildings and monuments. The Egyptians

The 16 Colleges in the Great Lakes Valley Conference

The Italian Renaissance Essay - 749 Words

The Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance was one of the most colorful, vital, and exciting times in history. Renaissance eventually comes from the French word Renaistre, meaning to be born again. The Renaissance was a revival or a rebirth of cultural awareness and learning among art, law, language, literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics. This period took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Renaissance in Italy flourished in the 15th century and spread throughout most of Europe in the 16th century. What was the Renaissance and why did it happen? Italian life in the 14th and 15th centuries was lived among the vast ruins of the ancient Roman Empire. The cruelty and barbarism of Rome†¦show more content†¦Painters were not interested in making a picture realistic-they did not use perspective. The more important figures in the painting were frequently made larger than all the others, and often the element of landscape was omitted completely. Members of the Holy Family for example, would be painted against a background of shining gold, which signified the heavens. During the Renaissance, all that changed. The period was characterized by a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman design and included an emphasis on human beings and the environment. The secularism and humanism of the Renaissance were reflected in its scholarship and education. Its concern was with this world rather than the hereafter, and its focus was on pagan classics rather than Christian theology. The father Of Renaissance literature, Petrarch, stressed that the new boarding schools were not to train priests but the sons of merchants. The humanist movement was further stimulated by the influence of Byzantine scholars who came to Italy after the fall of Constantinople (present day Istanbul) to the Turks in 1453 and also by the establishment of the Platonic Academy in Florence. The academy, whose leading thinker was Marsillo Ficino, was founded by the 15th centu ry Florentine statesman and patron ofShow MoreRelatedThe Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Italian Renaissance was an explosion of art, writing, and thought, that roughly lasted between 1300 to 1600. In this time each citizen, countrymen, or villager had and performed different jobs and careers. Humanism the study of Greek and Roman writings, art, and architecture, initially jump started the Renaissance, and the need for art. Artists now were inspired to use life like art and linear perspective, so art seemed and was more realistic. The start of the Italian Renaissance was theRead MoreThe Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance period is known for the revival of the classical art and intellect born in ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance is also a time that is marked by growth, exploration, and rebirth. The Italian Renaissance started in Florence and progressively made its way into Venice and then into the great city of Rome. During the Renaissance, Rome was home to some of the renowned works of art and the finest architectural masterpieces in the world - too many that still holds true today. Along withRead MoreImpact Of The Italian Renaissance1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdisappearance of the Roman Empire, the Italian Renaissance was introduced to the European culture. The Italian Renaissance was the revival of the Greek and Roman cultures in forms of art, education, and literature. The Renaissance originally began in Florence, Italy during the time of 14 A.D and eventually began to expand throughout western and northern Europe in 15 A.D. The rebirthing of these ancient cultures brought much awareness and knowledge to the Italian society and resulted in change in theirRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Italian Renaissance1299 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Italian Renaissance Renaissance means rebirth in the French language, the renaissance happened between the fifteenth century and sixteenth century. Beginning in Italy, the Renaissance was an era that rediscovered the culture of ancient Greece and Rome in the fourteenth century and witnessed a continuation of the economic, political, and social trends. Jacob Burck-hardt, a swiss historian and art critic, created the Renaissance in his celebrated book The Civilization of the Renaissance in ItalyRead More the arts in Italian Renaissance Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pages The Italian Renaissance was a very difficult time period in European history. The arts were flourishing, while the city-states in Italy fought bloody battles with each other and within themselves. Bribery and murder were not uncommon tools for men to use when they wanted power. Meanwhile those same rulers patronized the arts a great deal and they would commission the best artistic minds of the time to build, design and paint their palaces and churches and later on their own portraits andRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Northern and Italian Renaissance807 Words   |  4 PagesItalian High Renaissance artists achieved ideal of harmony and balance comparable with the works of ancient Greece or Rome. Renaissance Classicism was a form of art that removed the extraneous detail and showed the world as it was. Forms, colors and proportions, light and shade effects, spatial harmony, composition, perspective, anatomy - all are handled with total control and a level of accomplishment for which there are no real precedents. Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine artist, one of theRead MoreEssay about Italian and Northern European Renaissance758 Words   |  4 PagesItalian and Northern European Renaissance The Italian and Northern Europe Renaissances were both an important mark in history by changing the ideals of life, thought, culture, and art of the people’s of this time. In this paper I will explain the motive for change in these cultures, including the similarities and differences of the two cultures. The Italian and Northern European Renaissance was the marking point for leaving behind the old ways and moving into the more classicalRead MoreThe Act of Sodomy in Florence during the Italian Renaissance1839 Words   |  7 PagesThe Act of Sodomy in Florence During the Italian Renaissance During the Italian Renaissance, the sexual environment of fifteenth-century Florentine society is described as Florentine men partaking in some kind of same-sex experience. These same-sex acts were not just wrong doings, but a fundamental part of Florentine masculine identity. More specifically I will focus on sodomy, the act of anal or oral sex, which can be heterosexual or homosexual. What I will be analyzing in this paper is the termRead MoreIndependent Women Courtesans in the Italian Renaissance Essay2465 Words   |  10 PagesIndependent Women Courtesans in the Italian Renaissance Prostitution is normally thought of as anyone who sells his or her body for money. In this century, no distinction is put on the class level of the prostitute or on how much or how little he or she earns, they are still considered just a common prostitute. This was not true of 16th century Italy, though. In this age, prostitution was a legal business and class lines were of great importance. At the top of this list were the honestRead MoreThe Annunciation Explored through the Era of Italian Renaissance2314 Words   |  10 PagesChristian iconography. This essay will explore the depiction of the Annunciation and symbolism in the period of the Italian Renaissance and pay particular attention towards the development of the focus on spiritualism towards naturalism through the refined language of expression and gesture from the 14th century to the late 15th century. As a student of Duccio di Buoninsegna who was an Italian artist and actively worked in the city of Siena, Tuscany, Simone Martinis most famous painting The Annunciation

California Dream Act Essay - 1663 Words

Reyna Macias English 103 7 November 2011 California Dream Act: Rewarding an Illegal Act Born and raised here in the U.S. many students, and parents for that matter, are currently struggling with the bills, loans, and the stress of trying to stabilize a healthy future for themselves by pursuing an education. When a law like the California Dream Act is passed, it makes those who have done nothing but follow the rules of our legal system, feel as if the right as a legal citizen is being pushed aside. The money to fund the education of these illegal immigrants has to come from somewhere, causing a bigger whole to burn in tax payer’s pocket; when the money can easily go elsewhere to legal students in dire need of it. The state of†¦show more content†¦By merit, American’s should not have to worry about whether there will be enough spaces available in colleges, none the less should they have to worry about those spaces been taken up by students who have come to this country illegally. It goes against the constitution of the United States to diminish the opportunities for American students, by granting schooling to an undocumented immigrant. Enrollment within colleges will soon rapidly expand, and seeing as there is already low funding within school budgets, the money will need to come from somewhere. This is where tax payers come in, along with higher tuitions for students. American students that are not aided with the cost of classes and living expenses are going to be drastically affected, perhaps even to the point of dropping out. Over the years tuition has â€Å"Risen 6.5 percent from the previous year. These figures do not include room and board costs, which can cost as high as $1,700 a month at some schools† (Salary.com). Tuition is getting difficult for students to pay every year especially with the economic crisis the state of California is currently in. Aside from just tuition increasing, there will still not be enough funds to provide the aid to the undocumented immigrants that plan to enroll in school. â€Å"Each illegal immigrant who attends a public institution will receive a tuition subsidy from ta xpayers of nearly $6,000 for each year he or sheShow MoreRelatedThe California DREAM Act of 2011 Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalent in the state of California, hosting 2.6 million â€Å"alien residents†, it has the largest population of undocumented immigrants (Gonzales, 2006). Immigration policies have been controversial topics in the United States for a long time. Although there is still an ongoing debate about reforming the current immigration laws, there has been progress in making post-secondary education a possibility for undocumented students. This paper will focus on the California DREAM Act of 2011, using a historicalRead MoreThe DREAM Act Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, about 2.8 million students graduate from a United States high school. They have dreams of going to college or to the military to have an opportunity to make something of their lives. However, each year, there is also a group of about 65,000 students who will not have that chance to advance in their lives (CIR_DREAM paragraph 1). They are unable to do so because they were brought to the US illegally by their parents when they were children, and have the status of an illegal immigrant.Read MoreThe Education For Alien Minors Act2587 Words   |  11 PagesEducation for Alien Minors act, simply known as the DREAM Act. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act was first introduced by Representative Luis Gutierrez on April of 2001 as the â€Å"Immigrant Children’s Educational Advancement and Dropout Prevention Act of 2001.† The purpose of this act would have been to allow undocumented immigrant students to apply to become protected from being deported, following this; they would have been able to apply for residency. This act had criteria that individualsRead MoreBilingual Education And Multiculturalism2056 Words   |  9 Pageswere not able to receive education and who were denied the right to education would be drastically harmed throughout their lifetime which is why this case was passed. Many of these undocumented citizens came from Mexico, primarily from Texas and California. The two cases set the stage for immigration into the United States. Prior to these two cases, many people were turned away because they knew little to know English and were seen useless in t he United States. This goes against multiculturalism becauseRead MoreThe Is The Differed Action For Children Arrivals953 Words   |  4 PagesThe Deferred Action for Children Arrivals act helps temporarily remove a few problems that may impede undocumented people to live lives like people with citizenship. For example, it helps people work legally inside of the US. Along with that, people with DACA also get a Social Security number. In addition, it allows undocumented immigrants to get a license in every state except for Arizona and Nebraska. (nilc.org) The California Dream Act. The Dream act is to help provide financial aid for undocumentedRead MorePublic Policy Research Paper773 Words   |  4 Pagesunconstitutional and the policy was stuck down by the Supreme Court in 1982. In 1985, activist in the state of California attempted to push forward post-secondary education for undocumented adolescents so that they can receive financial assistance and pay in-state tuition and receive financial assistance from the states. The Leticia A. v. Board of Regents of the Universi ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ty of California passed which allowed undocumented adolescents to receive financial assistance at the federal level. HoweverRead MoreDeferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesforming the groups like United We Dream. The DREAM movement consisted of protesters advocating for their rights as immigrant students. These students called themselves DREAMers—which, stems from the DREAM Act (Development, Relie f, and Education for Alien Minors). The DREAM Act is a legislative bill that was first introduced in Congress in 2001. However, Congress was never able to pass this bill, despite multiple reforms made over the past decade. The DREAM Act s main goal was to protect the rightsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Coming Out Illegal By Maggie Jones893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dream Act is very important to many undocumented students because they are not able to go to college because they weren’t born in United States. The Dream Act allows them to go on to their professional careers. Dream Act stand for development, relief, education, alien, and minors that’s the purpose why they call it the Dream Act. First time that the Dream Act was introduced was in August 1, 2001 by Dick Durbin and Orrin Hutch in the senate. Since that moment they have been reintroduced severalRead MoreImmigration Laws and Its Impact on Undocumented Immigrant Students744 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Immigration laws† and its impact on undocumented college immigrant students The topic that will be introduced and discussed in this research paper is â€Å"Immigration Laws† and how it impacts undocumented college immigrant students living in California (2005-2010). This is a sensitive topic which often is neglected and not shown enough attention by government officials; meanwhile millions of people living within the U.S are being affected by it in their daily lives. This topic will consider itsRead MoreEssay on The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act1384 Words   |  6 Pagestheir education after completing the public education system. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) was created by a proposal to cease penalizing children of illegal immigrants who were brought over to the United States by their parents at an early age. The DREAM Act includes many requirements that are necessary to be considered an applicant. The DREAM Act must be implemented in order to provide hard-working individuals great er opportunities, due to the fact that undocumented

Issues With Medication Safety Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Issues With Medication Safety. Answer: Medical drugs or medication is a fundamental part of the health care, the concept of health care will be left absolutely incomplete if the element of medication is withdrawn. Any patient, that seeks out health care services for any kind of ailment that they may be suffering with, are provided with one or more kind of medication to relieve them of their predicament (Collins et al. 2014). Hence, the importance of medication in providing health care is undoubtedly extreme, however, there are certain issues associated with medication and its administration in the context of health care. According to the first quality chasm report by the Institute Of Medicine, one of the greatest contributing factors behind the mortality and morbidity in health care is due to the extremely high percentage of medical errors, most of which falls back to medication safety and flawed administration procedure. A medication safety concern can be of different types, it may be a wrong administration, wrong dosage or wrong transmission route, however each and every type further complication for the patient and increases the hospital stay; and along with that imparts a significant effect on the professional competency of the nurse involved (Popescu, Currey and Botti 2011). This assignment will reflect on the medication safety issues prevalent in the health care issues, its impact on patient health and wellbeing, concluding with a few strategic recommendations to overcome the issues. Medications and its usage is undoubtedly central to health care delivery, however the impact of flawed administration is also significantly high on the health and wellbeing of the patients; there are considerable risks associated with medication administration, and a single flaw can even cost the patients their lives (Martin 2002). Now it has to be understood in this context, that medication and its administration is a responsibility that is mostly endowed on the nursing professionals. According to the most of the data provided in the previously published literature indicates at the fact that most of the hospital acquired complications in the health care related scenario is associated either directly and indirectly with the faulty medication administration issue (Kalisch et al. 2011). There are numerous instances of medication administration errors that occur in the health care facility, and most of the times it increases the hospital stay for the patients and reduces the recovery po tential of the patient as well. However, in order to explore medication safety issues in the nursing care setting, it is imperative to identify and characterize the key contributing factors that lead to extreme medical errors. One of the most significant causes behind the medication safety errors is the lack of experience in the nursing workforce. According to the articles by Latimer, Chaboyer and Hall 2011, the level of nursing experience and expertise is a key confounding factor affecting the concept of medication safety in the health care setting. Along with that, another key contributing factor is burnout and computerized system failure. In many instances, the excessive workload and recurring shifts result in exhaustion and frustration which is inevitably reflected onto their performance; and due to the extreme burnout, the inevitable outcome is professional neglect manifesting as errors in medication administration. Interruption or distractions in crowded hospital wards have also been identified as one of the key causes behind the medication errors, according to the data published by Raju, Suresh and Higgins 2011, 17% of the medical errors had been accounted as the result of interruption, burnout and personal incompetence in the clinical setting, where interruption only took up 6.6% of the entire ratio. Whatever may be the cause of the medication safety issues, it has a huge impact on the nursing professional who is responsible for the medical error. In most cases, there are various other external factors that propel a medication safety concern, although the nursing professional is the only individual accounted for the mishap and they have to bear the burn of penalization. According to the study of Anthony et al. 2010, the impact of a medication safety issue that resulted in critical complication for the patient is huge on the career for the nursing professional. Depending on the severity of the issues the faults in the medication administration the penalization can range from suspension, monetary penalization and in extreme cases even revoking of practice license. Other than that, the psychological impact of the professional issue on the nursing professional cannot be ignored as well. In most cases nurses have to take the entire blame of a particular medication safety error even if there are other contributing factors and it impacts the job satisfaction and professional confidence effectively (Banja 2010). Other than the impact on the nursing profession, the most significant and detrimental impact of the medication errors is on the patient safety (Brown and Crookes 2016). There are different kinds of medication safety errors, it can be with drugs with similar names or composition, common medications that the patient might be allergic to, or medications that require nontoxic therapeutic usage testing like warfarin, lithium, etc. However, regardless of the type of medical error, all result in severe consequences for the patient. Though all drug administration errors might not lead to adverse drug event (ADE), however the impact is nonetheless threatening to the health and wellbeing of the patient. Medications that have complex dosing regimens or are administered only in specific concerns cause the most of the ADEs. According to a recent study by Choo, Hutchinson and Bucknall 2010, the most of the adverse drug events are caused by a medication safety error involving CNS agents, cardiovascular drugs and antineoplastics. The medical errors that involve faulty dosage calculation attest to close to 40% occurrence of medication errors and most of them cause ADEs. 16% of the medical errors are usually due to wrong drugs prescribed and 9.5% are due to transmission route errors. On a more elaborative note, an adverse drug reaction leads to a medication injury. The mechanism of medication error can impact two categories of consequences on the patient safety, either inducing abnormal pharmokynetics, or causing synergistic effect on the patient. And it can lead to death, life-threatening situation, physical or cognitive disability, or congenital anomaly. Hence adverse drug events, depending on the severity of the ADE, can potentially impart differential impact on the patient safety and wellbeing (Sears, Goldsworthy and Goodman 2010). And hence, there is a pressing need for strategies to overcome the challenges and reduce the percentage of medical errors in health care facilities inducing better medication safety. As medication errors among nurses occurs both by personal and organizational factors, it is necessary to work on these area to minimize the harmful effect of medication errors on patient safety and nursing practice. The effective strategies to minimize rate of medication errors and its impact are as follows: The first strategy that nurses can use to overcome challenges associated with medication errors is to detect errors through active management and effective reporting about errors. The research by Elden and Ismail, (2016) showed that by the establishment of effective reporting system and training the nurse and clinicians regarding medication safety at all stage of drug administration, the rate of errors in the hospital was reduced. The targeted training program mainly focused on improving the awareness of nurses and clinician regarding the importance of medical sheet and the common cause of medication errors. They were also explained about the importance of error reporting and appropriate communication in promoting patient safety. The final outcome of the training program was that it decreased the percentage of medication errors. Hence, error detection and effective reporting helps to build a safe culture and minimize the impact of medication errors on nursing practice and patient saf ety. As the nursing practice environment and the distraction around them is a major cause of medication errors by nurse, implementation of distraction free practice can be regarded as effective in reducing adverse events rates due to medication errors (Yoder et al. 2015). A nurse mainly encounters interruptions during medication administration due to phone calls, malfunctioning equipment and coping with the extreme workload (Hayes et al. 2015). The innovative approach that nurse can take to minimize avoidable distractions during the process includes avoiding non-emergent phone calls while giving medication at patients bedside. In addition, the role of health care organization is also found to be critical in establishing accurate distraction free protocol to promote medication safety during medication administration. Focused handoffs at shift change and appropriately communicating about medication administration with other health care team members is also crucial to avert medication errors (Arnado 2014). The essay focused on the professional challenges faced by nurse due to medication error in nursing practice. The consequences of such error is huge as it just not only jeopardize the quality of nursing care, but also has significant impact on morbidty and mortality of patients. Such errors increase the overall hospitalization cost as well as the burden of the nurses. The review of cause of medication errors has mainly showed that these errors mainly occurs due to poor knowledge about medication administration safety, lack of safety culture, workload, distractions and faulty medical equipments. In response to these issue, thee essay proposed the strategy of training nurses regarding error reporting and common cuase of medication errors and engaging in distraction free practice. These two approach is likely to reduce the professional challenges faced by nurses due to medication errors and promote safety of patients too. References: Anthony, K., Wiencek, C., Bauer, C., Daly, B. and Anthony, M.K., 2010. No interruptions please: impact of a no interruption zone on medication safety in intensive care units.Critical care nurse,30(3), pp.21-29. Published in USA. Arnado, J.A., 2014. Minimizing Avoidable Interruptions During Medication Administration. Banja, J., 2010. The normalization of deviance in healthcare delivery. Business horizons, 53(2), pp.139-148. Brown, R.A. and Crookes, P.A., 2016. What are the necessaryskills for a newly graduating RN? Results of an Australian survey. BMC nursing, 15(1), p.23. Choo, J., Hutchinson, A. and Bucknall, T., 2010. Nurses' role in medication safety.Journal of nursing management,18(7), pp.853-861. Published in San Francisco Collins, S.J., Newhouse, R., Porter, J. and Talsma, A., 2014. Effectiveness of the Surgical Safety Checklist in correcting errors: a literature review applying Reason's Swiss Cheese Model. AORN journal, 100(1), pp.65-79. Published by Elsevier. Elden, N.M.K. and Ismail, A., 2016. The Importance of Medication Errors Reporting in Improving the Quality of Clinical Care Services.Global journal of health science,8(8), p.243. published in Canada. Hayes, C., Jackson, D., Davidson, P. M., and Power, T. 2015. Medication errors in hospitals: a literature review of disruptions to nursing practice during medication administration.Journal of clinical nursing,24(21-22), 3063-3076. Kalisch, L.M., Caughey, G.E., Roughead, E.E. and Gilbert, A.L., 2011. The prescribing cascade.Issues, p.1. published in Australia. Latimer, S.L., Chaboyer, W. and Hall, T., 2011. Non?therapeutic medication omissions: incidence and predictors at an Australian Hospital.Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research,41(3), pp.188-191. published in Australia. Martin, C., 2002. The theory of critical thinking of nursing. Nursing education perspectives, 23(5), pp.243-247. Popescu, A., Currey, J. and Botti, M., 2011. Multifactorial influences on and deviations from medication administration safety and quality in the acute medical/surgical context.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,8(1), pp.15-24. published in Australia. Raju, T.N., Suresh, G. and Higgins, R.D., 2011. Patient safety in the context of neonatal intensive care: research and educational opportunities.Pediatric research,70(1), p.109. Reason, J., 2000. Human error: models and management. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 320(7237), p.768. published by BMJ publishing group. Sears, K., Goldsworthy, S. and Goodman, W.M., 2010. The relationship between simulation in nursing education and medication safety.Journal of Nursing Education,49(1), pp.52-55. Yoder, M., Schadewald, D. and Dietrich, K., 2015. The effect of a safe zone on nurse interruptions, distractions, and medication administration errors.Journal of Infusion Nursing,38(2), pp.140-151.

Business Strategies of Sephora at Different-Different Levels

Question: Describe and discuss the major management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling in Sephora organisations? Answer: Overview of the company The company was founded in the year 1970 in France. The company has more than 100 brands in the company with 1800 stores spread over 30 countries. The company has a customer base of over 6 million and has 27000 employees working in the various branches spread across the world (Wearesephora.com, 2015). The innovation objectives The competition and demand and markets- the company by offering large number modern brands and also excellent customer services so that the company can attract a wide young customer base. The sales associates of the company mainly focus on the color, skin care and fragrances of the products. They often try to cross sell the products (prezi.com, 2015). Production along with delivery- the company changed the sales policy so as to attract many customers. The company also took the initiative to reduce the cost of operation and also the cost of labour. The company tries to employ a more number of managers who are brand centric and their stores are based in the centre of the big cities. The company has an organizational structure which is traditional in nature. The exception is that two of the marketing SVPs reports to the CEO directly. Organization workplace- the company tries to connect the various business activities among the network partners for sharing of the knowledge. The company believes that one company does not need to follow the herd if it is under the umbrella of a big brand (Schweiger, 2008). The company becomes stronger if it adopts the culture of the place in which the company is operating. It gives the company individuality and thinking in a fresh way and also to generate unexpected ideas. Marketing strategy of the company Sephora is one of the widely recognized cosmetic retailers in the world. Recently it has integrated a digital marketing scheme in their overall marketing strategy. The company has a single executive who looks after the both the marketing and digital sectors. It was one of the first companies in the world to sell prestigious cosmetics. The company allowed the customers to touch and use the product in the same location (beauty, 2014). In the year 2007 the company opened its website making the company an early entrant in the e-commerce market. The company continuously tries to make commitment to the customers and educates the clients. The company took the digital far beyond the product specifications and shopping carts; but they also built a system which could give the customers a better access to the image of the products, more information and clarity (Mullins and Walker, 2013). The website also gives an opportunity to the customers to communicate with the company and also with each ot her. The company plans to introduce new products every month in the first year of its operation. Financial strategy of the company The growth strategy of the company is that it plans to capture the 10% of the Australian cosmetics market which is $4 billion industry. The company plans to do that by offering lower prices and new brands as well as the self service to attract the younger generation in their stores. The sale if their product is expected to reach from $225 million to $250 million and the market share of the products will reach double digits in the next four- five years. The store Is planning to open 20 new stand alone stores in the country (Loeb, 2013). The industry environment of the company The industry environment of the company can be discussed with the help of the Porters Five Forces Framework. The threat of entry- the threat of new entrants in the market of cosmetics is low since the entry requires a huge investment in capital, inventory as well as an efficient distribution channel. It also requires good relationships with a large number of brands. Thus the threat of new entry in the market for the company is low (Harvard Business Review, 2014). The threat from suppliers- the supplies of the company has low bargaining powers as the company features products from a large number of brands and the company also has its own private label. Moreover the suppliers have to comply with the suppliers code of conduct in order to carry out the supply. This is done so as the supply chain of the company is transparent (The Business of Fashion, 2013). Threats from the buyers- the customers buy beauty products from three different types of shops they are department stores, retail stores like Sephora and drug stores. Since the switching over cost is low in the beauty industry, the customers do not stick to the same store. They go to places which offer lower cost products rather than the higher cost that are offered in Sephora. Threats from the substitutes- there are no close substitutes of Sephora as the customers will not be able to make a wide range of products in their home and the sources are limited. Competitive rivalry- the competition of the beauty products is huge in the market. Some of the competitors of Sephora are Societe De Distribution Aeroportuaire, MH Muller Handels etc in France. These are certain country specific competitors and the company operates globally. Business Level Strategy of the company The current business level strategy of the company is based on the differentiation. This strategy provides the customers convenience and also pressure free shopping (Harvard Business Review, 2014). The company allows the customers to walk through the store and choose the products they want, rather than the traditional system where the customers had to interact with the salesperson. Since the company endorses a wide range of products, the customers will be able to find whatever they need. The company has different structures which are functionally different and meets the specification of each of the countries (Fortenberry, 2013). Price discrimination in different markets The most obvious price differences are in the companys own brand, Sephora Natural Volume Mascara, the price of which inUSis $US12.84 or $US12 which includes an average sales tax of 7%, when this price was changed into Australian dollars it was $15.66. The same product was selling in its Sydneyflagship store at $25 including GST, making it a massive 60% more expensive than theUS (Dixon, 1960). Another example is the Formula X Nails, a brand owned by Sephora, which was selling in theUSfor $US11.24 including tax, which was $13.70 Australian dollars. But the product was selling in Sydneyat $20, which made the product more expensive in theUS by 46% Conclusion and Recommendations It can be said that the innovative process takes time to become successful. Moreover it also takes money and resources, innovative ideas. The company needs to establish new ideas and see whether the ideas are feasible. The ideas must be implemented in a test run so that the people can experience them and give their expert opinions and then only the ideas are to be put in the market. The old concept of the sales representatives is gone and the concept of beauty advisors has emerged in the market who offers ideas and advices. It is a place where the personal beauty can be accessed (Furrer, 2011). References beauty, S. (2014).Sephora's big plans to bring Australian blokes to beauty. 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